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Objective:To investigate the allelopathic effects of water extracts from rhizosphere soil of three medicinal plants Rehmannia glutinosa，Pinellia ternata and Isatis indigotica on seed germination and seedling growth of Polygala tenuifolia， screen the stubble varieties suitable for crop rotation with P. tenuifolia， and provide some scientific basis for continuous cropping obstacles of P. tenuifolia. Method:The bioassay method was used to study the effects of rhizosphere soil water extracts from three medicinal plants Rehmannia glutinosa，Pinellia ternata and Isatis indigotica at concentrations of 0.3，0.6，0.9 g·mL-1 on the germination of P. tenuifolia seed and seedling growth. Result:The rhizosphere soil water extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa and Pinellia ternata showed basically low-promotion and high-inhibition concentration effects on the final germination rate，germination potential，and germination index of P. tenuifolia seeds，while the water extract of Isatis indigotica showed significant allelopathic inhibition effect. All three rhizosphere soil water extracts showed significant allelopathic inhibition effects on the growth index of P. tenuifolia seedlings. Among them，the rhizosphere soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa showed lower inhibitory effect on the plant height and root length of P. tenuifolia seedlings than the other two water extracts. The photosynthetic pigment content，proline（Pro） content，and soluble sugar content of P. tenuifolia chinensis seedlings were the highest under 0.3 g·mL-1 soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa， with relatively higher content of soluble protein， and relatively lower content of hydrogen oxide（H2O2）. Under the treatment of 0.9 g·mL-1 soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa，P. tenuifolia seedlings had the highest peroxidase（POD） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities，low catalase（CAT） activity，and lowest content of malondialdehyde（MDA）. Conclusion:Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above experimental data and allelopathic effects，the water extract of rhizosphere of Rehmannia glutinosa can promote the germination of P. tenuifolia seeds to a certain extent，and lay the foundation for seedling resistance to biochemical stress. Therefore， Rehmannia glutinosa is more suitable for crop rotation with P. tenuifolia.
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<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>The ideal burn dressing for children should aim to alleviate pain, decrease length of hospital stay and minimise complications such as conversion and infection. The current literature is still inconclusive with regard to the gold standard burn dressing for the paediatric population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed children with superficial partial thickness burns admitted to our paediatric burns unit from January 2014 to April 2015. A total of 30 patients were included in our study, of whom 13 had Biobrane dressing. The remaining 17 patients were treated with conventional silver foam dressing (i.e. Biatain Ag) and served as matched controls. Long-term follow-up scar evaluation was carried out at an average interval of two years after injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the Biobrane group, the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (Biobrane vs. silver foam: 4.76 ± 2.64 days vs. 8.88 ± 5.09 days; p = 0.01) and the infection rate was significantly lower (Biobrane vs. silver foam: 0% vs. 35.3%; p = 0.02). The Biobrane group had no hypergranulation or wound infection and did not require skin grafting. Long-term follow-up scar evaluation did not reveal any statistical difference between the patient groups at the two-year interval.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Paediatric patients with partial thickness burns treated with Biobrane dressing had shorter hospital stay and lower incidence of infection compared to those treated with conventional silver foam dressing. Biobrane and silver foam dressings did not demonstrate any significant difference in terms of long-term scar outcomes over an average follow-up duration of two years.</p>
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Objective:To investigate the effect of thermal conductivity on the apical sealing ability of different dental gutta-percha cones during the warm vertical condensation obturation.Methods:Four kinds of dental gutta-percha cones were used in this study:Bio-GP points (BP,B&L,Korea),large-tapered gutta-percha (DP,DENTSPLY,America),PROTAPER Universal gutta-percha points (DPP,DENTSPLY,America) and mtwo gutta-percha points (VP,VDW,Germany).Volume differences method was used to determine the main components and the thermal conductivity determinator was used to measure the thermal conductivity of these dental gutta-percha cones.Furthermore,20 cones randomly selected from each kind of dental gutta-percha cones.And 10 cones of each dental gutta-percha cones,which were cut out the part of 4 mm in length from the apical end,were heated (200 ℃) from the upper end without compression,and the temperature of the gutta perchacones surface was monitored in time by the infrared thermal imager during the whole heating process.In addition,the rest of the 10 cones of each dental gutta-percha cones were used to obturate the root canal in the transparent root canal resin model using warm vertical condensation technique.The cross-sectional surface was observed by stereomicroscope (× 40) at 1 mm and 3 mm from the working length and the gutta-percha obturation area proportion was measured and analyzed.The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Results:The proportion of inorganic fillers (80.90％ ± 1.14 ％) (P ＜ 0.05) and the thermal conductivity (2.247 ± 0.002)of DP was siguificantly higher than BP (79.28％ ± 3.88％,1.179 ± 0.003),DPP (68.46％ 5.09％,0.604 ±0.001),VP (78.86％ ± 1.87％,1.150 ±0.001) (P ＜0.05).During the thermal obturation without compression at the setting temperature (200 ℃),DP could achieve 65 ℃ beyond 1 mm from the heating point,and BP,DPP and VP only reached 65 ℃ within 1 mm.After warm vertical condensation obturation,all the groups showed increased gutta-percha obturation area proportion.At the position of WL-3,DP (96.89％ ±0.03％) showed significantly higher proportion of gutta-percha obturation area than BP (95.47％ ±0.06％),DPP (95.21％ ±0.03％) and VP (95.15％ ±0.03％) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:DP contains more inorganic fillers,possesses higher thermal conductivity,and leads a better apical sealing ability than BP,DPP and VP at the position of WL-3 during warm vertical condensation obturation.
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Aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses (AARS) can catalyze the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent acylation of their cognate tRNA(s) with a specific amino acid. They can be seen as an index to reflect the energy metabolic rate of ischemic brain cells in ischemic penumbra. This study examined the relationship between arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS), one of the AARS, and cerebral ischemia in rats. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established in rats. The expression levels of ArgRS protein and mRNA were detected in rat brain tissues at different time points following MCAO by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that the MCAO model was successfully established. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the ArgRS protein and mRNA were expressed in brain cells in both ischemic and normal penumbra tissues. The expression levels of ArgRS protein and mRNA peaked at 6 h after MCAO and decreased gradually. At 24 h, the expression levels of ArgRs protein and mRNA in ischemic penumbral tissues were lower than those in normal tissues. The expression levels of ArgRS mRNA and protein in ischemic penumbra varied with ischemic time, suggesting that the energy metabolism of brain cells in penumbra changed dynamically after ischemia to ensure the endogenous self-protection of the body. The brain oxygen supply should be improved as soon as possible, especially within 6-12 h after ischemia, so as to meet the demand for energy metabolism in ischemic penumbra and make sure the cell structure remains stable.
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Animals , Humans , Rats , Arginine-tRNA Ligase , Brain Ischemia , Genetics , Pathology , Energy Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Oxygen Consumption , RNA, MessengerABSTRACT
Aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses (AARS) can catalyze the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent acylation of their cognate tRNA(s) with a specific amino acid. They can be seen as an index to reflect the energy metabolic rate of ischemic brain cells in ischemic penumbra. This study examined the relationship between arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS), one of the AARS, and cerebral ischemia in rats. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established in rats. The expression levels of ArgRS protein and mRNA were detected in rat brain tissues at different time points following MCAO by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that the MCAO model was successfully established. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the ArgRS protein and mRNA were expressed in brain cells in both ischemic and normal penumbra tissues. The expression levels of ArgRS protein and mRNA peaked at 6 h after MCAO and decreased gradually. At 24 h, the expression levels of ArgRs protein and mRNA in ischemic penumbral tissues were lower than those in normal tissues. The expression levels of ArgRS mRNA and protein in ischemic penumbra varied with ischemic time, suggesting that the energy metabolism of brain cells in penumbra changed dynamically after ischemia to ensure the endogenous self-protection of the body. The brain oxygen supply should be improved as soon as possible, especially within 6-12 h after ischemia, so as to meet the demand for energy metabolism in ischemic penumbra and make sure the cell structure remains stable.
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AIM: To investigate the clinical effect for treating bullous keratopathy ( BK ) by anterior corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. METHODS: Totally 35 patients ( 35 eyes ) with bullous keratopathy were treated by corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. All patients preoperative and postoperative underwent anterior segment OCT, corneal topography, corneal sensitivity and confocal microscopy. To observe postoperative ocular symptoms in patients with BK, recurrence of bulla, changes in corneal thickness, corneal sensitivity and changes in the organizational structure of the layers of the cornea. RESULTS: Thirty-five were followed up for 6-18mo. The symptom of pain disappeared in 32 cases ( 91%) in the first day after operation and did not recur during follow-up. The symptom of pain relieved in 3 cases (9%) in the first day after operation and disappeared in 3 days. Corneal epithelium of 9 cases ( 26%) were all healed within 1wk, 21 cases (60%) were all healed within 2wk, and 5 cases (14%) were all healed within 3wk. Following up for 6-18mo, there was no recurrence of symptoms or bulla. A small amount of tiny bubbles in the surrounding area appeared in 2 cases after 3 and 4wk. All patients had no neovascularization, and had smooth corneal surface. The amnions of 30 cases (86%) were thinning after 2mo, partially dissolved and absorped, not seen with the naked eye after 3mo. Thirty-four cases (97%) had no changes in vision, one case (3%) was from the light to front of the manual. After 2mo, corneal sensation decreased in 30 cases ( 86%) , corneal thickness increased from preoperative 788±35μm to 940±43μm. After 12mo, corneal thickness increased to 1060±27μm. Results of confocal microscopy: after 3mo, the number density of the trigeminal nerve fibers under corneal basement membrane reduced, shallow stromal cells became into fibrotic stroma, deep stroma was more loose, and cells swelled significantly. The number of endothelial cells reduced and form swelled more obviously compared with preoperatively. CONCLUSION: Corneal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation can effectively control the symptoms of BK, prevent the recurrence of BK, and especially it is a simple, safe and practical way for patients with poor visual function.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate Beijing college students' concern and preference for maxillary anterior tooth esthetic factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Several images about lip and tooth were made through computer. A questionnaire was sent out to students in ten colleges and then collected. There were five factors to be evaluated: relationship of maxillary incisors and lower lip, numbers of tooth exposed, shape of centric incisor, crown width-length ratio, gingival margin. Concern of the beauty of anterior tooth, ie. tooth shape, tooth arrangement, shape of gingiva and so on, were then analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 408 responses collected, and 47.5% (194/408) of them preferred light contact between upper incisors and lower lip; 49.5% (202/408) preferred 8 tooth exposed when smile; 69.1% (282/408) preferred oval crown shape; 52.5% (214/408) preferred 0.85 as a crown width-length ratio; 49.5% (202/408)of responses chose the curve of gingiva runs horizontal. The average score of concern for male was 52.6% (100/190), for female was 59.6% (130/218).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Most results from this study accord with the classical principles of tooth esthetics. Sex affects the concern and preferences of maxillary anterior tooth esthetics factors.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , China , Esthetics, Dental , Gingiva , Incisor , Lip , Maxilla , Odontometry , Methods , Patient Preference , Sex Factors , Smiling , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tooth CrownABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate methods and clinical performance of crown lengthening surgery for aesthetic restoration improvement of short anterior teeth. Various surgery methods, proper restoration time after surgery, and indications for crown lengthening surgery were discussed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Crown lengthening surgery and prosthetic treatment were applied to 148 short anterior teeth of 22 cases. Modified Ryge criteria were used to assess the gingival health after treatment. Restoration results before and after treatment were evaluated by use of Kay's altered dental esthetics classification.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When patients were re-examined after restoration of two weeks, obvious inflammation was found in 7.4% teeth. After providing the treatment and instruction on oral hygiene, 98.6% gingival health was significantly improved during the follow-up period. Two cases were examined during more than 4-year period and no obvious gingival inflammation and change in dental crown ratio were found. After treatment, all of 22 cases met Kay dental esthetics classification Class II-I (cosmetic) or Class II-I criteria.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Right selection of indications, accurate restoration design, delicate surgery operation, enough recover period for the gingival after surgery, and proper oral hygiene training method, all contribute to the satisfactory aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Crown Lengthening , Esthetics, Dental , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance of IPS-Empress Ⅱ ceramic crown in a five-year period.Methods:IPS-Empress Ⅱ ceramic crown was applied in 130 teeth treatment of 39 patients. The restorative cases include the single tooth missing, acquired tooth body defect, malformed teeth and discoloration caused by tetracycline, fluoride and the root canal treatment. The 130 teeth were investigated after luting in two weeks, 6, 12 to 60 months respectively. Modified Ryge criteria were used to assess the integrity of restoration, gingival health, color match, marginal adaptation, and sensitivity.Results:More than 96.2% restorations were found to be intact and had excellent marginal adaptation. Little wane existed in one crown at the incisal area. One crown fell with its post caused by failed post adhere. Due to the heavy occlusion force, one of the posterior bridge cracked. Obvious inflammation was found in 3 teeth and only two teeth suffered apicitis. No secondary caries and unsatisfactory color match were found in each follow-up examination. Conclusion:IPS-Empress Ⅱ ceramic crown and bridge is a reliable and ideal choice for the anterior aesthetic restoration.
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Objective: To intimately assess the internal stress distribution in ceramic veneer bonding layer. Methods:Six buccolingual cross section models of the incisor restored with IPS-Empress ceramic veneer were built with the MSC/NASTRAN software. 2D-finite element method was used to analyze the stress distribution regularity of the bonding layer on the models under different functional load. Results: Stress concentration areas of ceramic veneer bonding layer were regularly located on the incisal margin and cervical margin. Under the same condition, incisal load caused highest stresse on the adhesive layer. Following the load shift from incisal to gingival area, the stress was gradually decreased.When the functional load acted on the palate margin of the restoration, the compressive stress on the bonding layer was significantly increased. Different load angle generated stress change in the bonding layer. The shear stress on adhesive layer increased following the horizontal load angle increasing close to the debonding level. Among the different incisal reduction designs there was no significant Von Mises stress variation under the same load condition. However, when the incisal edge was reduced by more than 4 mm, the tensile stresses in the bonding layer greatly increased. Conclusion: Restoration margin should be kept away from the tooth contact area, be exposed to minimal occlusion contact. The functional load should be induced to follow the tooth long axis. Edge to edge occlusion should be avoided. When incisal areas need to be altered, the incisal overlap or butt margin design will not cause any stress problem in the bonding layer. When restoring the incisal defect for more than 4 mm, the bonding agents must be selected carefully.